ABSTRACT
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been emerging promptly currently due to software algorithms, hardware employment, and applications in many sectors. The Healthcare sector is drawing the attention of healthcare professionals and researchers from a multidisciplinary viewpoint like administration, business, finance, record keeping, decision making, and services. Extensive usage of electronic health records gives rise to an immense quantity of clinical data. For patient welfare, disease diagnosis is vital for appropriate treatment but human inaccuracy may obstruct precise diagnosis because of complex medical information. The usage of information and communication technologies together evolved e-health. Integration of artificial intelligence in e-health smoothens the various challenges faced by healthcare systems. In this review, the authors have attempted to summarize the applications of artificial intelligence in various fields of e-health: Improving electronic health records, disease diagnosis and decision making, remote patient monitoring, and telehealth. Healthcare experts can understand how well AI works and supports in refining task execution with increased efficiency, minimizing the pressure of workload, and optimizing resources, best example has been observed in the pandemic COVID-19 scenario. More work and innovations will be endured by researchers with encouragement to thrust the boundary and it will broaden the latitude of healthcare sectors as well as AI algorithms © 2022 Sapna Katiyar and Artika Farhana. This open-access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license
ABSTRACT
In this work, a cost-effective disinfection system for Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is proposed to be used inside public transport. The disinfection system is twofold, firstly containing a tower unit where UV-C (Ultraviolet type-C) lamps are positioned in parallel, in such a way that, 360-degree space is covered, and secondly a power unit that incorporates robotics and electrical parts. The UVC unit is a separate and movable tower that can be placed anywhere inside a vehicle horizontally or vertically. UV lamps in the tower have a 254 nm wavelength with a total power of 180 Watt. The system can provide a dose of it 16.9 mj/cm2 within 26.83 seconds if the distance of the targeted surface inside a vehicle from the UVC light source is 1.5 meters. Various distances from the UV source to the targeted surface inside the vehicle are chosen and calculated the required corresponding times to achieve the required dose to inactivate all viral concentrations. The developed disinfection system not only minimizes the growth of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by performing robotic features ensuring human detection auto turn off but also utilizes minimum labor work which is vital in the current Covid-19 pandemic. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
In this study, a low-cost Ultraviolet disinfection system is proposed to be used inside ambulances for minimizing the cross-infection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) during patient transfer. The disinfection system consists of a tower unit that contains the Ultraviolet type C (UVC) light fixture and a control box where the power unit is placed. The UVC tower unit is portable, lightweight, and can be easily placed anywhere inside an ambulance. Two ultraviolet (UV) lamps used in the tower part have 254 nm wavelength with a total power of 180 Watt. The disinfection system can provide a dose of 16.9mj/cm2 within 1.06 seconds and 26.83 seconds if the distance of the targeted surface inside the ambulance from UV sources are 0.3 meters and 1.5 meters respectively. We have chosen various distances from UV source to targeted surface inside an ambulance and calculated the required corresponding times to reach the required dose to inactivate all viral concentrations. The designed disinfection system not only reduces the spread of SARS-CoV-2 by the semi-autonomous way inside ambulances but also requires the least labor efforts which are crucial in the current Covid-19 pandemic. © 2021 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
Metabolism is a dedicated network of enzyme and metabolite-derived mechanisms that is a hallmark of life activities. A healthy metabolism is a basic necessity for a healthy life that depends on lifestyle, energy intake, and expenditure. A balanced lifestyle comprising healthy eating habits, exercise, sleep cycle, and behavioral features is the utmost regulator of healthy body weight and robust metabolism. The present-day world is challenged by an increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity, amounting to epidemic proportions. This creates a public health concern and points to our lack of success in achieving healthy population indices in terms of healthy body weight maintenance.[1] Increased weight parallels with several comorbidities such as type-2 diabetes, some types of cancers, cardiovascular disorders, liver and kidney diseases, digestive problems, sleep apnea, osteoarthritis, etc.[2][3][4][5][6] Recent research indicates that the inability to maintain a healthy weight perturbs the body's metabolic and immunological axis, increasing the risk for severe illnesses such as COVID19 and other infectious diseases.[1][7] It is notable that absolute weight loss with long-term maintenance directly correlates with improvements in all health risk factors.[8] Maintaining a healthy body weight, especially after weight reduction, requires equalized input and energy output to regulate optimal metabolism. This comprises a concerted regulation of enzyme activities, ATP synthesis, utilization, hormonal functions, neurological and muscular activities, etc. However, a general preference for high-tasting vis-a-vis less nutritious food and a sedentary lifestyle has led to a global increase in weight and also a reduced tendency of long-term maintenance of a healthy weight after effective weight loss.[9] It is believed that weight loss at a slow rate is better sustained than weight loss more rapidly. However, scientific evidence correlates that greater initial weight loss is positively related to long-term weight maintenance. This follows through a metabolic adaptation process, consequently leading to healthier metabolic functions. Nonetheless, healthy weight maintenance achieved through weight loss regimes also requires care and treatment, usually through diet regimes or restrictions and exercise. However, no specific diet or exercise program has been truly established as a successful regime in weight maintenance. Presently, weight management strategies underline the significance of attaining a 5% weight loss to maintain a healthy metabolism. Prior to understanding the consequences of weight loss on metabolism, it is imperative to recognize that at the metabolic level, weight loss is a continuous metabolic adaptation process progressing through many biochemical and physiological changes involving the role of hormones, enzyme functions, metabolite effectors, and bioenergetics. Maintaining a healthy weight is challenging. It is shown that most individuals tend to have regained a significant amount of the lost weight within a year after weight loss. With this increased prevalence of recidivism, weight management is viewed as a chronic issue. Hence, long-term care is expected for weight management and maintenance after weight loss, and programs of over a year are currently recommended by the guidelines.[10] This review will focus on the metabolic parameters (initiators, activators, pathways, and endpoints) achieved consequent to various weight-loss regimes, i.e., dietary modulations, exercise, drug, and surgical intervention aimed at improving metabolic health and long term healthy weight maintenance.